★ A true story

European Eel

Anguilla anguilla · described by (LINNAEUS 1758)

European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Photo: mr_capgras, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Before the story begins, one amazing fact: Every European eel is born in the Sargasso Sea, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, and drifts as a see-through, leaf-shaped larva for a year or more until it reaches the rivers of Europe. Years later it swims thousands of kilometres back across the ocean to spawn once, in the same sea, and then it dies.

Something did not match, in the life of the little eel.

She began as a leaf.

Not a leaf from a tree. A leaf of glass, thin and clear, drifting somewhere in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, in a warm stretch of water called the Sargasso Sea.

No one has ever watched an eel hatch there.

No one ever does.

She drifted for more than a year on slow ocean currents, carried east and north, still shaped like a leaf, still see-through enough that the water showed straight through her.

Then, one grey morning, the current brought her close to a coastline she had never chosen and had never seen, and her small body began to change.

She rounded. She thickened, just a little. Her fins found their places.

She had become a glass eel now, tiny and clear, and she pushed her way past the tide, into a river mouth, into fresh water for the very first time.

Fresh water tasted like nothing she remembered, and everything she wanted.

She swam upstream for weeks, past reeds, past stones, past the shadows of bridges, until she found a quiet pond far from the sea, and there she stopped.

There she stayed.

Colour came into her skin, brown and gold, and she became a yellow eel, the longest stage of her whole life. Years passed in that pond. Frogs came and went. Reeds grew tall and died back and grew again.

Some nights, when rain soaked the grass between her pond and the next, she left the water on purpose.

She breathed a little through her skin, the way her kind always can, and she wriggled across the wet grass in the dark, moving from one pond to another, hunting a better patch of water, and no fish anywhere nearby could follow her there.

It was her secret road, and she used it more than once.

The pond kept her for years. Ten. Perhaps more.

Then, one autumn, something in her changed again, and this time it changed all at once.

Her belly turned silver, bright as a coin. Her back darkened. And her eyes, which had served her well enough in a shallow muddy pond, grew larger, almost doubling, as if her whole body already knew she would need to see further and darker water soon.

She stopped eating.

She waited for a flooded, moonless night, and then she left the pond for the last time, and let the current carry her down the river, out through the estuary, into the open sea.

Nobody taught her the way back to the Sargasso. Nobody needed to.

She swam for months, thousands of kilometres, through water far deeper than any pond, guided by something nobody has ever fully explained, and somewhere out past the edge of every map she had never seen, she arrived home.

She had never once seen the Sargasso Sea with her own eyes.

Now those wide new eyes finally showed it to her, dark and warm and enormous, exactly where her own story had begun.

She will spawn there, once, the way every one of her kind does.

No one will watch that either.

But somewhere in that warm, drifting water, a new leaf will begin, clear as glass, already carrying the whole long road home inside her, before she has even learned to swim it.

The facts

Scientific name
Anguilla anguilla
First described
(LINNAEUS 1758)
Also called
European Eel
Class
Fishes (Pisces)
Order
Anguilliformes
Family
Anguillidae
Genus
Anguilla

Taxonomic data: Uetz, P. et al. (eds.), The Reptile Database, under CC-BY 4.0.

Where the European Eel sits on the tree