★ A true story

Gopher Snake

Pituophis catenifer · described by (BLAINVILLE 1835)

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer)

Photo: Arches National Park from Moab, Utah, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Before the story begins, one amazing fact: When a gopher snake feels threatened, she performs like a rattlesnake, though she carries no rattle and no venom at all. She flattens her head into a triangle, hisses loudly through a special flap of skin in her throat, and buzzes her tail against dry leaves until it sounds exactly like danger.

Across the dry hills and grasslands of western North America, one snake spent her whole life being mistaken for something she was not.

She was a gopher snake, long and heavy bodied, blotched brown and tan down her back in a pattern that looked, to a nervous eye, exactly like a rattlesnake's.

She had never once needed a rattle. She had never once carried venom. What she carried instead was patience, a powerful coiling grip, and an appetite for the burrowing rodents that undid a farmer's furrows one tunnel at a time.

Underground was where she did her best work.

She followed gopher runs and mouse tunnels in the dark, squeezing through spaces built for smaller shoulders than hers, and found, at the end of them, exactly what she had come for. She climbed fence posts when the hunting was better up high. She swam irrigation ditches without complaint. Nothing about her was built for trouble.

But trouble found her anyway, because of a face she had never asked for.

A boot came down near her one hot afternoon, and every part of her that remembered every gopher snake before her knew exactly what to do.

She flattened her head into a hard, wide triangle.

She filled her lungs and forced the air back out through a small flap deep in her throat, and the hiss that came out was long and low and rough with warning, though there was nothing in her mouth that could hurt anyone.

Her tail found the dry leaves behind her and shook.

It was not a rattle. It only sounded like one.

The boot stopped.

For a moment, it looked like the oldest story in the hills was about to end the way it too often did, a snake killed for a resemblance instead of an act, mistaken for a danger she had never carried at all.

Then a second, slower voice said, "Wait."

The farmer crouched instead, at a careful distance, and looked longer than most people bothered to look. The blotches. The narrow head, once it had stopped pretending to be wide. The tail, tapering to a plain point with no rattle segments at all.

"Gopher snake," he said, and stood back up, and let her go.

She held her performance a moment longer out of habit, then dropped it and moved on into the grass, unbothered, already thinking about the burrow she had been following before the interruption.

That season, the field she patrolled kept its furrows straighter than the fields on either side of it. Fewer collapsed tunnels. Fewer gnawed roots. Nobody wrote her a note of thanks for it. Nobody needed to.

She did the same work, quietly, all along the fence lines, year after year, one burrow at a time, laying her own eggs each summer and going straight back to hunting, wearing a stranger's fearsome reputation and a farmer's own quiet gratitude on the very same body.

Somewhere in the tall grass tonight, a hiss goes up that has never once needed to be true to work.

And underneath it, doing the real work all along, is a snake with no rattle, no venom, and every reason to be welcome.

The facts

Scientific name
Pituophis catenifer
First described
(BLAINVILLE 1835)
Also called
Gopher Snake
Class
Reptiles (Reptilia)
Order
Scaled Reptiles (Squamata)
Group
Snakes (Serpentes)
Family
Colubridae
Genus
Pituophis
Subspecies
  • Pituophis catenifer affinis HALLOWELL 1852
  • Pituophis catenifer annectens BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
  • Pituophis catenifer catenifer (BLAINVILLE 1835)
  • Pituophis catenifer deserticola STEJNEGER 1893
  • Pituophis catenifer fulginatus KLAUBER 1946
  • Pituophis catenifer pumilus KLAUBER 1946
  • Pituophis catenifer sayi (SCHLEGEL 1837)

Taxonomic data: Uetz, P. et al. (eds.), The Reptile Database, under CC-BY 4.0.

Where the Gopher Snake sits on the tree